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picaxe-28x2 s hield b ase (AXE401) revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd 1.0 intr oduction thank y ou for purchasing this picaxe shield base . this datasheet is designed to giv e a brief introduction to ho w the shield base is assembled, used and configured. f or general tutorials and details on ho w to use the picaxe programming language , please see the picaxe w ebsite and picaxe manuals w w w .picaxe .co.uk the completely free programming softw are ma y also be do wnloaded from this w ebsite . f or individual project advice , and examples of ho w to connect y our shield base to man y different shields and electronic components , please consider joining the friendly online picaxe community at w w w .picaxeforum.co.uk a ?wiki? of ho w to use the picaxe shield base with a wide range of shields is currently being dev eloped at the picaxe w ebsite . 1.1 ov ervie w the picaxe shield base is an open-source hardw are ?arduino inspired? controller board, designed to enable picaxe use of the multiple different ?shields? that are no w a v ailable . the shield base has been v ery carefully designed to be compatible with the v ast majority of existing shields . each picaxe shield base is also pro vided with a free of charge axe40 5 prototyping shield pcb for experimentation. the pcb designs are released as ?open-source? and ?not for profit? designs . 1.2 k e y f eatur es firmw are picaxe-28x2 microcontroller microchip pic18f25k22-i/sp programming language b asic or flo w charts p h y sical size & header position standard shield size/p osition open source hardw are y e s not for profit pcb y e s dev elopment softw are cost free support for windo w s y e s support for mac y es support for linux y e s d o wnloads via usb port y e s microcontroller sy stem v oltage 5v or 3v (jumper selectable) r ecommended supply v oltage 9-12v 5v lo w drop out regulator 5 00ma 3v lo w drop out regulator 5 00ma disconnectable led on s.13 y e s stripboard compatible headers y e s on board i2c eepr om socket y e s separate programming and i/o pins y e s tx / rx select jumper headers y e s through hole for eas y self assembly y e s program slots 4 x 4k user ram b ytes 1296 (256 + 1 0 24 + 16) clock speed 32khz - 64mhz non-v olatile eepr om b ytes 2 5 6 r un extra programs from i2c y e s http://
2 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base contents 1.0 intr oduction ............................................................................................................... .............. 1 1.1 ov ervie w ................................................................................................................... ............... 1 1.2 k e y f eatur es ............................................................................................................... .............. 1 1.3 what does open sour ce har dw ar e mean? ...................................................................................... 3 1.4 what does ?not f or pr o fit? pcb mean? ....................................................................................... ... 3 1.5 picaxe-28x2 micr ocontr oller ................................................................................................ ..... 3 1.6 do i hav e to use the shield base to use the picaxe s y stem? ......................................................... 3 2.0 picaxe-28x2 shield base input/output pins ................................................................................ 4 2.1 picaxe shield pinout ....................................................................................................... .......... 5 2.2 modifying incompatible shields ............................................................................................. ..... 6 3.0 p o w er supply ............................................................................................................... ............. 7 3.1 wh y the 5v / 3v jumper h1? ................................................................................................. .... 7 3.2 can i po w er the boar d fr om the usb port o f m y computer? ........................................................... 7 4.0 picaxe usb do wnload cable .................................................................................................. ..... 8 4.1 wh y the do wnload cable jumper link s h2 and h3? ....................................................................... 8 5.0 clock speed ................................................................................................................ .............. 9 5.1 wh y is the led on pin s.13 connected via jumper h4? ................................................................. 9 5.2 wh y the double par allel sock et beside outputs s.8 to s.13? ....................................................... 10 5.3 what is the eeprom sock et f or? ............................................................................................. .. 10 6.0 pr ogr amming the picaxe ..................................................................................................... .... 11 6.1 can i on-scr een simulate picaxe pr ogr ams? .............................................................................. 11 6.2 getting started - t est pr ogr am ............................................................................................. .... 12 7.0 kits - wh y o ffer a self assembly kit as w ell as pr e-assembled boar ds? ........................................ 13 7.1 AXE401 - contents (pr e-assembled shield base) ........................................................................ 14 7.2 AXE401kit - contents (self assembly kit) ................................................................................. 14 7.3 AXE401pcb - contents (pcb) ................................................................................................. .. 14 7.4 t ools r equir ed f or assembly (not supplied) ............................................................................... 14 7.5 self assembly kit pr epar ation .............................................................................................. ..... 15 7.6 a ssembly ................................................................................................................... ............. 16 7.7 optional components (not supplied) ........................................................................................ 1 7 7.8 alternate assembly - lo w b udget 4.5v battery po w e r ed setup ..................................................... 18 8.0 axe405 picaxe pr oto shield ................................................................................................. ... 19 8.1 u sing the pr oto shield ..................................................................................................... ........ 19 8.2 u sing the pr oto shield with an xbee wir eless module ................................................................ 20 appendix a: cir cuit schematics - picaxe and do wnload cir cuits ....................................................... 21 appendix b: cir cuit schematics - p o w er and optional eeprom cir cuits ............................................... 22 appendix c: dimensions ......................................................................................................... ....... 23 appendix d: what ar e the principle differ ences betw een using a picaxe shield base and an ar duino? . 2 4 appendix e: f a q ................................................................................................................ ........... 26 f a q - can y ou pr o vide a se w able ?e-te xtiles? v e r sion picaxe contr oller lik e the lilypad? ..................... 26 f a q - i w ant to use a pic micr ocontr oller , b ut pr ogr am it in assembler or c (or other language) instead o f using the picaxe s y stem. can i do this? ................................................................................. 26 please do wnload the latest full assembly instructions and datasheet from this w eb link: www .rev-ed.co.uk/docs/axe40 1.pdf
3 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 1.3 what does open sour ce har dw ar e mean? it means w e publish the shield base circuit schematic and pcb la y out free of charge on our w ebsite . y ou can modify the pcb and build y our o wn new pcb deriv ed from it if y ou w ant to. y ou can also ev en do wnload completely free pcb softw are (e .g. eagle or designspark) to do these modifications and generate new gerber files! h o w e v er as this product is also a ?not for profit? pcb, it is highly unlikely that a prototyping compan y could produce a pcb cheaper than w e will sell you one! 1.4 what does ?not f or pr o fit? pcb mean? as the name suggests w e manufacture , stock and sell the unpopulated shield base pcbs at the lo w est cost possible . a nominal handling charge is added to co v er w arehouse processing costs , but this is deliberately kept to a minimum. w e can afford to do this as the shield base is just one item within a large range of picaxe dev elopment project boards and chips , so b y buying this permanently lo w priced ?promotional? shield pcb w e hope y ou will consider purchasing further picaxe microcontrollers and project boards in the future . w e will post the pcbs an ywhere in the w orld b y airmail at a nominal postage cost. 1.5 picaxe-28x2 micr ocontr oller the shield base is designed to w ork with the picaxe-28x2 microcontroller , which is based upon the microchip pic18f25k22-i/sp microcontroller . other picaxe chips are also a v ailable in 8, 14, 18, 2 0 and 40 pin formats , but these other sizes will not fit on the shield base as they are a ph y sically different size . 1.6 do i hav e to use the shield base to use the picaxe s y stem? no, not at all! in fact the only normal reason to use a shield base is to integrate with an existing third party shield (e .g. mp3 pla y er shield or ethernet controller shield). if y ou w ant to build a project y ourself from scratch it ma y w ell be cheaper and easier to use one of our man y picaxe project or proto boards instead, particularly if y ou could use a ph y sically smaller , lo w er cost 8 or 14 pin chip such as the picaxe-14m2 instead. or just buy a picaxe chip b y itself and build y our o w n breadboard/stripboard/pcb circuit. the choice is y ours!
4 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 2.0 picaxe-28x2 shield base input/output pins the picaxe s y stem pro vides great flexibility o v er individual pin use , and most pins can be configured to be used as a digital input or output, adc analogue input or touch sensor input. therefore the picaxe s y stem does not need separate ?analogue? and ?digital? headers , as most pins can be either . some pins also ha v e additional special hardw are functionality , such as pwm or serial or spi interfacing. the picaxe shield base has been v ery carefully designed to be compatible with almost all existing shields . other pic microcontroller orientated shield bases w e h a v e seen seem to ha v e been designed without much thought for shield compatibility , as they simply wire the three i/o headers in sequence to the pic microcontroller ports a, b and c. although this ma y be the initial obvious route , it actually means that a large number of shields are then not compatible because , for instance , they require a hardw are pwm or spi special function which is no w allocated to a completely different pin to the normal shield la y out! therefore the picaxe shield base has been v ery carefully laid out to ensure the special functions match the existing shield normal la y out wherev er possible . this giv es support for a much larger range of shields (e .g. pwm, u art and spi functions are on the same pins as expected). t o ensure a logical naming s y stem can still be used, the picaxe-28x2 compiler accepts the normal shield position numbers in the formal s.x, where x is the shield pin name (the original picaxe pin name ma y also still be used if preferred). e .g. the shield header pins are named s.a0 to s.a5, s.0 to s.13 the shield input pin v ariables are named pins.a0 to pins.a5, pins.0 to pins.13 so users can select to use either the normal picaxe pin name (e .g. ?high b .4?) or the shield position nickname (e .g. ?high s.a5?) in their program. both act exactly the same w a y within the compiler . naturally y ou can also rename the pins to easier to remember names such as ?high red_led? .

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5 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base shi e l d header shi e l d n i ckn am e p r i m ar y p i n func t i on a d van ced p i n func t i on pi c a xe pi n n a m e pi c a xe ad c r eset re s e t r eset 3v 3 3 . 3 v suppl y o u t v+ 5v 5 v suppl y o u t 5 v suppl y i n v+ gn d 0 v 0 v suppl y i n 0v gn d 0v 0v vi n suppl y i n ( 9 - 1 2 v d c ) a0 s . a0 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h com p1 - a. 0 0 a1 s . a1 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h c om p2 - a. 1 1 a2 s . a2 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h c om p2 + / d a c a. 2 2 a3 s . a3 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h c om p1 + / v r e f a. 3 3 a4 s . a4 in / ou t / ad c / t o u c h b. 3 9 a5 s . a5 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h hpw m d b. 4 1 1 0s . 0 i n / o u t / a d c / t ouc h h s e r i n / k b da t a c. 7 1 9 1s . 1 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h hs e r out / k b c l k c. 6 1 8 2s . 2 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h hpw m b / hi nt 2 b. 2 8 3s . 3 i n / o u t / a d c / t ouc h p w m / hi nt 0 b. 0 1 2 4s . 4 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h hpw m c / hi nt 1 b. 1 1 0 5s . 5 in / ou t / ad c / t o u c h p w m b. 5 1 3 6s . 6 in / ou t b. 6 - 7s . 7 in / ou t b. 7 - 8s . 8 in / ou t t im e r c l k c. 0 - 9s . 9 in / ou t p w m c. 1 - 10 s . 10 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h hpw m a / pw m c. 2 1 4 11 s . 1 1 i n / o u t / a d c / t o u c h h s p i s d o c. 5 1 7 12 s . 12 in / ou t / ad c / t o u c h h s p i s d i / h i 2 c s d a c. 4 1 6 13 s . 13 in / ou t / ad c / t o u c h ( o r l e d vi a h 4 ) hs pi s c k / hi 2 c s c l c. 3 4 gn d 0v 0v vr ef s. a 3 i n / o ut / a d c / t ouc h c om p1 + / v r e f a. 3 3

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6 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 2.2 modifying incompatible shields great care has been taken to align the picaxe pins with the standard shield format. therefore almost all shields will w ork directly out of the box with the picaxe shield base without an y modification at all. h o w e v er there are some una v o idable v ery minor differences that ma y affect a couple of shields . the hardw are differences to an arduino s y stem are: - 28x2 has pwm on s.3, s.5, s.9, s.1 0, but not on s.6 and s.1 1 - 28x2 has i2c connections on s.12 (instead of s.a4) and s.13 (instead of s.a5) this is due to una v oidable silicon design differences betw een the a t mega and pic microcontrollers . the picaxe-28x2 s y stem has 4, not 6, pwm channels . therefore if a required pwm hardw are feature is not on an a v ailable pin, a v ery simple modification ma y be required. as a real-w orld example , let us look at the sparkfun ardumoto motor controller shield. this requires pwm signals on pins s.3 and s.1 1 to operate . on the picaxe shield base s.3 already has pwm so is no problem to use , but s.1 1 does not h a v e pwm (although s.1 0 does). so w e need to redirect the shield pin from using s.1 1 to using s.1 0 instead. this is easily achiev ed b y simply soldering a 1k resistor betw een pins s.1 1 and s.1 0 on the shield (either abo v e the shield (as sho wn) when using normal headers , or b e l o w the shield when using stacking headers). as long as s.1 1 is maintained as an input, s.1 0 can no w control the pwm to the motor driv er . if desired y ou can ev en completely cut off the s.1 1 header pin, although this is not essential as the 1k resistor pro vides protection against accidentally setting both pins as outputs .
7 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 3.0 p o w er supply the shield base is primarily designed to be used with an external ?plug in the w all? regulated po w er supply that pro vides 9-12v dc on a 2.1mm, centre (tip) positiv e connector . a suitable po w er supply for uk use (only) is part pwr00 9a. a minimum of about 6.5v is required via the 2.1mm po w er connector , and v oltages abo v e 12v ma y cause the regulators to get hotter (some w armth is normal). do not use a pp3 9v battery via this connector , this type of 9v pp3 battery is designed for long term minimal current use (e .g. in a smoke alarm) and so is simply not suitable for long term use of an y type of shield base . the board can also be po w ered via batteries (e .g. 4.5v from 3 x aa alkaline cells) via the 5v po w er header . connect the red positiv e wire to ?5v? and the black negativ e wire to ?gnd? . alternately , if assembling y our o wn board, lea v e off the 5v regulator and solder in a battery clip instead (see the minimum battery po w ered circuit assembly example). the shield base contains both 5v and 3v lo w-drop out regulators , each rated at 5 00ma. therefore for 3v work there is generally no need to build a separate 3v regulator onto the shield. ho w e v er if the shield already has a 3v regulator fitted this ma y still be used. 3.1 wh y the 5v / 3v jumper h1? most shields are designed to w ork with a 5v s y stem v oltage , so jumper h1 should be left in the 5v position. ho w e v er when building y our o wn circuit using a proto shield with a third party 3v only device , for instance an xbee or gps module , this third party device ma y be 3v tolerant only and hence damaged at 5v . so rather than build 5 to 3v conv ersion circuits on to the proto shield it is simply much easier to run the entire s y stem v oltage at 3v to start with. this is no problem for the picaxe- 28x2, which can be used at an y s y stem v oltage betw een 2.1v and 5.5v . 3.2 can i po w er the boar d fr om the usb port o f m y computer? w e are not keen supporters of the usb po w ering method. the majority of picaxe shield projects are only connected to the computer whilst programming, so generally require a separate po w er supply s y stem for the actual project use an yw a y . therefore w e suggest that y ou might as w ell use this po w er supply all the time! man y users also fail to recognise the po w er limitations of usb (e .g. when a laptop goes to sleep), and the current limitations when using the more complex shields with additional on board regulators or motors . ho w e v er if y ou so desire you ma y naturally choose to use a usb breakout board or usb breakout cable to pro vide 5v to the board (via the po w er header). ( ) *"+,,,'-*.+"/ ( ( ( (0, + (#),,. ( 0#),,. (1$)2 1$) #$%&#$'" %,34* 1) ( ) 5 1) * * * 1

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8 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 4.0 picaxe usb do wnload cable the axe0 27 picaxe usb cable is recommended. this is widely a v ailable from v arious picaxe distributors around the w orld. it w orks reliably with windo w s , mac and linux. y ou ma y alternately also use univ ersal usb-to-serial conv erter cables (make sure they ha v e a prolific or ftdi chipset) with a home made cable . the axe0 27 contains an internal ftdi usb-to-serial conv ersion circuit, specifically optimised for the picaxe s y stem. this ftdi chip is the same chip that is often found on other shield bases (e .g. the arduino duemilano v e). ho w e v er building the chip into the cable instead of the shield base has sev eral adv antages: 1 ) the cost of each shield decreases , as y ou only purchase the usb chip once when y ou purchase the cable (rather than buying a usb chip on ev ery shield base). 2 ) the ftdi chip is only a v ailable in a v ery small surface mount format, so it w ould make a self assembly picaxe shield base almost impossible . 3 ) a single do wnload cable can be used for all y our different picaxe projects , ev en those not built upon shield bases . therefore the initial cost of the ?intelligent? axe0 27 do wnload cable is slightly more expensiv e than a non-intelligent ?printer? style usb cable , but has the adv antage that it can be used across all y our picaxe projects , and will also w ork out more economical in the long run if y ou purchase more than one shield base or project board. 4.1 wh y the do wnload cable jumper link s h2 and h3? the picaxe-28x2 s y stem uses completely separate pins of the picaxe chip for new program do wnloads . therefore the digital hardw are serial port pins (s.0 and s.1) h a v e no effect on new program do wnloads . data within the program can also be transmitted directly back to the computer (without using s.0/s.1) via the do wnload cable with the debug, sertxd and serrxd b asic commands . h o w e v er on occasions for some projects it might be desired to ha v e the s.0 and s.1 i/o pins connected to the do wnload cable . this can be achiev ed via the jumpers h2 and h3. #$%&#$'" ),3", 4* 6 6 6 6 6 (

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9 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 5.0 clock speed the picaxe-28x2 can use a clock frequency betw een 32khz and 64mhz. the clock speed can be changed at an y point within the b asic program via the ?setfreq? command. the picaxe-28x2 uses an internal resonator for frequencies up to 16mhz, and then an external resonator for either 32, 40 or 64mhz. a higher frequency means a faster operating speed, but the po w er use of the microcontroller also considerably increases . therefore the default picaxe-28x2 po w er up frequency is 8mhz (internal resonator), which is a good compromise betw een speed and po w er consumption, and quite suitable for the majority of shield based projects . ho w e v er v ery complex projects (e .g. using an ethernet shield) ma y benefit from selecting a faster operating speed via the setfreq command. t o use speeds greater than 16mhz a 3 pin ceramic resonator (not supplied, e .g. part res0 37) must be soldered onto the board in position x1. as the picaxe-28x2 contains an internal 4x pll multiplier , an external 16mhz resonator pro vides a 64mhz operating frequency . an external 8 mhz resonator w ould provide a 32mhz operating frequency , an external 1 0mhz resonator giv es 40mhz. note that each picaxe command requires a number of ?operating instructions? to process . different commands require different numbers of operating instructions , as some b asic commands (e .g. readtemp) are much more complex to decode and process than other commands (e .g. high). therefore processing speed is not the same as one ?b asic command per operating instruction? . ho w e v er the default 8mhz operating speed is still quite sufficient for the majority of shield based projects . 5.1 wh y is the led on pin s.13 connected via jumper h4? man y shield bases ha v e an led permanently connected to output s.13. ho w e v e r this can adv ersely affect using this pin for another purpose e .g. as a touch sensor input or for i2c communication. therefore jumper h4 giv es the best of both w orlds - y ou can ha v e the led connected if y ou w ant to, or remo v e the jumper link and hence completely disconnect the led from this pin. 1 ( 5)
10 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 5.2 wh y the double par allel sock et beside outputs s.8 to s.13? y ou?ll already kno w the answ er to this question if y ou ha v e ev er tried to build y our o wn shield using stripboard (v eroboard). because the gap betw een the tw o digital i/o connectors on the shield format is not on a 0.1" (2.54mm) grid, it is v ery difficult to make y our o wn shield from stripboard to fit the normal shield connector positions . the second parallel header brings these solder joints onto the stripboard grid, to allo w a stripboard shield design to be easily made . when w orking with stripboard the stacking headers (parts con060 and con06 1) are recommended (as sho wn). 5.3 what is the eeprom sock et f or? the eepr om socket is for users who wish to add an i2c memory eepr om to their s y stem. this could pro vide additional program or data storage memory space . the 28x2 program could also be updated using the ?booti2c? command using an eepr om inserted into this socket. a suitable part w ould be the microchip 24lc5 12-i/p . t w o 4k7 pullup resistors must also be added in position r5 and r6 (i2c communication with the picaxe s y stem uses pins s.12 and s.13). the i2c sla v e address is fixed at %1 0 1 00000 - see the hi2csetup/hi2cin/hi2cout b asic commands for more details . h4 *must* be disconnected to remo v e the led from the circuit when using i2c. the socket ma y also be used with a microchip unio type memory eepr om and the uniin/uniout commands .

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11 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 6.0 pr ogr amming the picaxe the picaxe uses a ?b asic? style interpreted language , which is often considered easier to use than the ?c? or ?assembler? programming languages . of course if y ou are a commercial programmer b y profession using ?c? ma y be no problem to y ou, but for man y school students , hobb yists or artists starting out with no prior programming experience the ?c? language can sometimes pro v e difficult to use (and, in particular , fault find and debug). b asic does not ha v e these restrictions as it is designed to be simpler to use for beginners . ho w e v er this does not mean that the b asic language is not po w erful - as complex programs can also be easily constructed, particularly with the simple to use in-built b asic commands for interfacing protocols such as rs232, 1-wire , i2c and spi. picaxe softw are is a v ailable as the ?programming editor? for windo w s and ? axepad? for mac and for linux. all three titles are completely free to do wnload and use . if y ou prefer to program in a different third party editor (e .g. k ate on linux), free command line compilers are also a v ailable for all 3 computer platforms . picaxe can also be programmed ?graphically? in v arious other softw are applications such as flo w charts (e .g. the logicator softw are) and graphical ?scratch? icon based s y stems . 6.1 can i on-scr een simulate picaxe pr ogr ams? the free programming editor softw are supports a full on-screen simulation of the picaxe program, so that the program can be stepped through line b y line an analy sed step b y step. breakpoints can also be set to stop the program at an y point. a special ?#sim shield? directiv e allo w s the on screen la y out to match the pinout of the shield. another piece of softw are , picaxe vsm, is a full featured spice and digital circuit simulator that supports circuit simulations . through on screen animations y ou can see , for instance , leds light up when y ou flick a simulated switch or change a light lev el.
12 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 6.2 getting started - t est pr ogr am this procedure assumes the picaxe programming editor softw are and axe0 27 usb cable driv ers are already installed. see the picaxe manuals for more details: w w w .rev-ed.co.uk/docs/picaxe_manual1.pdf w w w .rev-ed.co.uk/docs/axe0 27.pdf 1. la y the shield base do wn so that the po w er and usb cable sockets are to the top. do not connect an y shield at this time . ensure jumper h1 is in the top ?5v? position. ensure jumper h2 and h3 are both in the bottom position. ensure jumper h4 is fitted (to connect the on board led (l1) to pin s.13) 2. connect a 9v regulated po w er supply (2.1mm, tip positiv e) into the po w e r socket. the po w er led beside the reset switch should light. 3. insert the axe0 27 do wnload cable into the shield base do wnload socket. 4. within the picaxe softw are select the view>options menu 5. ensure the mode is set to ?picaxe-28x2? and the com port is set to the ? axe0 27 picaxe usb? cable . click ok. 6. t ype in this program: #picaxe 28x2 do high s.13 pause 1000 low s.13 pause 1000 loop and then click the picaxe>program menu. if all is w ell the led l1 will flash on and off ev ery second. congratulations , y our s y stem is no w up and running! nb: if your led l1 is dimly on all the time check you have *not* fitted the optional i2c r esistor s r5 and r6 - as they must not be used at the same time as the led! 7. no w add this extra ?#sim shield? line to the top of y our program: #picaxe 28x2 #sim shield do high s.13 pause 1000 low s.13 pause 1000 loop n o w click the simulate>r un menu. an on screen simulation of y our program will no w occur , demonstrating the on-screen simulation features of the picaxe programming editor softw are . great - y ou hopefully no w hav e a w orking picaxe shield base! the next thing to try out is a few tutorials in the picaxe manual (part 1) to learn more about the picaxe b asic language . when using the examples remember that the shield pins are labelled using the format s.a0, s.a1, s.0, s.1, s.2 etc. ( ) *"+,,,'-*.+"/ ( ( ( ( 0 ,+ (#),,. ( 0#),,. (1$)2 1$)
13 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 7.0 kits - wh y o ffer a self assembly kit as w ell as pr e-assembled boar ds? although w e also pro vide the shield base pre-assembled, man y picaxe users simply like soldering kits together (and sa ving some money at the same time!). as w ell as the satisfaction of making y our o wn board, it also giv es y ou the opportunity to customise and ?hack? the board, for instance y o u ma y w ant a blue led as y our po w er indicator , or y ou ma y w ant to use batteries and so can lea v e off the 5v regulator and solder in a battery clip instead. man y users also choose to solder the reset switch on the bottom side of the pcb instead of the top, so that it can still be easily pressed when a shield is in position. these modifications are all easily achiev ed when self assembling y our o wn board. so the follo wing options are a v ailable - a bare pcb (axe40 1pcb), a kit of all parts including pcb and picaxe-28x2 (axe40 1kit), or a fully assembled module (axe40 1). all three v ersions are pro vided with a completely free axe40 5 prototyping shield pcb . a starter pack including the axe0 27 usb cable as w ell as the assembled shield base is also a v ailable (axe4 1 0u). the self assembly board is fairly simple to solder together b y hand in about 2 0 minutes and does not use an y small surface mount parts . it has a commercial grade solder resist ?lacquer? la y er on both sides - this means solder only sticks where it is supposed to! w e also design all our boards with thicker than normal tracks and large pads , this is deliberate to make self assembly via home soldering easier . the pre-assembled board ma y be supplied populated with surface mount resistors and leds (this reduces manufacturing cost), but is exactly the same shape and functionality as the self assembly board. w e nev er use surface mount microcontrollers on our pre-assembled boards ? w e know people sometimes do accidentally make short circuit wiring mistakes , and it is much cheaper (and environmentally friendly) to sw ap a chip in a socket than buy a whole new module! r emember to peel off the green pad protection la y e r o v er the eepr om and resonator pads before soldering these (optional) components . this protectiv e la y er is easily peeled off with a finger nail or edge of a small screw driv er .
14 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 7.1 AXE401 - contents (pr e-assembled shield base) 1 axe40 1 picaxe shield base (pre-assembled) 1 axe40 5 picaxe proto shield pcb 4 1 0 w a y 2.54mm headers 7.2 AXE401kit - contents (self assembly kit) 1 axe40 1 picaxe shield base pcb 1 axe40 5 picaxe proto shield pcb r1, r8 2 3 3 0 0.25w resistor orange orange bro wn gold r 2 1 1 0k 0.25w resistor bro wn black orange gold r 3 1 22k 0.25w resistor red red orange gold r 4 1 4k7 0.25w resistor y ello w violet red gold (r5,r6) 0 optional, not supplied r 7 1 1 00k 0.25w resistor bro wn black y ello w gold d1 1 1n400 1 diode 1n400 1 r g 1 1 5v 5 00ma ld1 1 17v5 0 regulator ld5 0 v r g 2 1 3 .3v 5 00ma ld1 1 17v33 regulator ld33v c1,c2,c3 3 22uf 35v electrolytic capacitor 22u c4,c5 2 1 00nf poly ester capacitor 1 04 or .1 l1, l2 2 3mm y ello w led s 1 1 6mm miniature push switch c t 1 1 2.1mm po w er socket c t 2 1 3.5mm stereo do wnload socket ic1 1 28 pin pressed pin ic socket ic1 1 picaxe-28x2 microcontroller pic18f25k22 (ic2) 0 optional, not supplied (x1) 0 optional, not supplied h1-4 5 1 0 w a y 2.54mm headers (snap to length, see below) h1-4 4 2.54mm jumper links i/o1-2 2 6 w a y 2.54mm socket i/o3-5 3 8 w a y 2.54mm socket 2 m3 bolts (6mm length) 2 m3 nuts 7.3 AXE401pcb - contents (pcb) 1 axe40 1 picaxe shield base pcb 1 axe40 5 picaxe proto shield pcb 7.4 t ools r equir ed f or assembly (not supplied) soldering iron and 22swg solder minature side cutters / pliers small cross-head screw driver basic soldering skills have been assumed.
15 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 7.5 self assembly kit pr epar ation p eel the protectiv e co v ering from the rear of the pcb o v er the pads for x1, iscp and ic2 (if present). this can be easily lifted with a finger nail or edge of a small screw driv er . carefully snap the 1 0 w a y headers into the follo wing combinations: 8 + 2 8 + 2 6 + 3 (+ 1) 6 + 3 (+ 1) 7 + 3 (not r equir ed on pr eassembled kit) the 1x 2 w a y and 3x 3 w a y lengths are used on the axe40 1 picaxe shield base . the 2x 8 way and 2x 6 way lengths are used on the axe405 picaxe proto shield. the extra 7 way and 2 way header are spares!

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16 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 7.6 a ssembly 1. solder the six resistors in position (note that r5 and r6 are not used). r esistors ma y be soldered either w a y around. r 1 3 3 0 orange orange bro wn gold r 2 1 0 k bro wn black orange gold r 3 2 2 k red red orange gold r 4 4 k 7 y ello w violet red gold r 7 1 00k bro wn black y ello w gold r 8 3 3 0 orange orange bro wn gold *don?t* fit r5 and r6 unless y ou are intending on using an i2c eepr om! 2. solder the 1n400 1 diode in position. the grey band at one end of the diode must align with the white band marked on the pcb . 3. solder the reset switch in position s1. note that man y users actually choose to position the switch under the board (so that the solder joints are on the top side). this is so that it can still be easily pressed when a shield is in position. h o w e v er when using this la y out ensure the board does not rest on (and hence hold do wn) the reset switch when in use! 4. solder the 28 pin socket in position ic1. note that the socket is soldered to the pcb (the microcontroller is not soldered, it is placed in the socket after assembly is complete). 5. ?click? the stereo do wnload socket into position so that it lies lev el (flat) on the pcb . solder in position. it does not matter if the solder on the tw o ?pairs? of pins join, as the pcb design joins these pairs together an yw a y . 6. solder the tw o leds in positions l1 and l2. the long leg (positiv e anode) of the led must be in the hole nearest the ?+? marking on the pcb . 7. solder the tw o 1 00nf (marked 1 00n or .1) capacitors in positions c4 and c5. these can be soldered either w a y around. 8. solder the three 22uf electrolytic capacitors in positions c1, c2, and c3. the long leg (positiv e anode) of the capacitor must be in the hole nearest the ?+? marking on the pcb, so that the light blue stripe on the can (negativ e cathode) must be in the hole nearest the ?-? marking. 9. using a pair of pliers , bend the legs of the tw o v oltage regulators at 9 0 degrees where the leg narro w s . place in position, but do not solder y et. note that if the board is only to be po w ered by a 4.5v (3xaa) battery pack the 5v regulator is not required. use a battery clip as sho wn instead. double check that the 3v3 regulator (ld33c v) is nearest to the stereo do wnload socket. use an m3 nut and bolt to hold both regulators in position on the pcb - this is v ery important to prev ent the tw o regulators accidentally touching. 1 0 . once the nut and bolt ha v e been tightened then solder the regulator legs in position. 1 1 . solder the 1x 2 w a y and 3x 3 w a y headers in positions h1, h2, h3, h4. solder one pin of each header first, and then check to ensure the sockets are neatly aligned. if necessary reheat the single joint and straighten the header . solder the other pins . 12. place the 4 jumper links onto the headers h1-h4 as shown in the diagram. ( ) *"+,,,'-*.+"/ ( ( ( ( 0 ,+ (#),,. ( 0#),,. (1$)2 1$)
17 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 13. solder the 2 x 6 w a y and 3 x 8 w a y sockets in the shield i/o positions at the edge of the boards . solder one pin of each socket first, and then check to ensure the sockets are neatly aligned before soldering the other pins . note that the tw o staggered headers of i/o pins s.8 to s.13 are joined in parallel, so do not w orry if the solder joints betw een the pairs of parallel pins also joins together . tip - if y ou already ha v e an assembled shield it can be temporarily inserted to hold the sockets in place whilst soldering. 14. solder the 2.1mm po w er connector in position, ensuring it is aligned squarely to the pcb . 15. insert the picaxe-28x2 (pic18f25k22) microcontroller in the ic socket, ensuring pin1 (the end with a dent) is nearest the diode . congratulations , assembly is no w complete . 7.7 optional components (not supplied) p eel the protectiv e co v ering from the rear of the pcb o v er the pads for x1, icsp and ic2 (if present). this can be easily lifted with a finger nail or edge of small screw driv er . optional r esonator (x1) an 8, 1 0 or 16mhz 3 pin ceramic resonator (e .g. part res0 37) ma y be optionally soldered in position x1. this giv es a possible faster operating frequency of 32mhz, 40mhz or 64mhz (setfreq em64) respectiv ely . by default the picaxe-28x2 uses it? s internal 8mhz resonator and so the external resonator is not required. optional i2c eepr om (ic2, r5, r6) 1 res-4k7 4k7 resistor (pack 1 00) 1 ich008 8 pin ic socket 1 mic0 5 1 24lc5 12-i/p eepr om solder a 4k7 pull-up resistor (y ello w violet red gold) in positions r5 and r6. solder an 8 pin socket in position ic2 and fit with an eepr om (e .g. microchip 24lc5 12-i/p). note h4 ?led? jumper link must be remo v ed when using i2c. optional icsp header for microchip pickit2 (or similar) solder a 5 or 6 pin right angle 2.54mm (0.1") header in the icsp position (pin 6 is not used, so a 5 w a y header ma y be used if desired).
18 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 7.8 alternate assembly - lo w b udget 4.5v battery po w e r ed setup 1 axe40 1 picaxe shield base pcb 1 axe40 5 picaxe proto shield pcb r 2 1 1 0k 0.25w resistor bro wn black orange gold r 3 1 22k 0.25w resistor red red orange gold r 4 1 4k7 0.25w resistor y ello w violet red gold r g 1 1 battery clip c5 1 1 00nf poly ester capacitor 1 04 or .1 c t 2 1 3.5mm stereo do wnload socket ic1 1 28 pin pressed pin ic socket ic1 1 picaxe-28x2 microcontroller pic18f25k22 i/o1-2 2 6 w a y 2.54mm socket i/o3-4 2 8 w a y 2.54mm socket this is the minimum parts list required for a minimalistic, v ery lo w cost solution. here the shield base is configured for permanent battery po w e r , either 4.5v or 3v . the battery clip is soldered in the rg1 position. p ermanent wire links (resistor leg offcuts) are used instead of jumper links h1,2,3. if desired the reset switch and leds/330 resistors may also be added.

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19 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 8.0 axe405 picaxe pr oto shield 1 axe40 5 picaxe proto shield pcb 2 6 w a y 2.54mm header 2 8 w a y 2.54mm header 1. place the short end of the headers through the pcb, so that the solder joint will be on the top (white text) side of the pcb . solder in position. 2. if desired the headers ma y be replaced b y ?stacking? headers as sho wn here (must be purchased separately , parts con060 and con06 1). in this case the solder joints will be on the bottom side of the pcb . 8.1 u sing the pr oto shield the proto shield is a ?tri-pad? design, where most of the prototyping solder pads are joined together in sets of three as indicated b y the white boxes . this enables simple connection of electronic components - to join tw o components together simply make sure they are both soldered to pads within the same box. this s y stem also allo w s eas y use of other chips (ics), simply place each ro w of pins in the centre of a set of pads . there are also tw o long linear boxes where multiple pads are joined together . these are normally used for power rails - e.g. so you would connect via a jumper wire to 0v, 3.3v or 5v as required.
20 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base 8.2 u sing the pr oto shield with an xbee wir eless module the proto shield also contains tw o sets of 1 0 x 2mm spaced oblong pads , these are designed to allo w use of the popular xbee wireless modules . t o use the protoboard with an xbee module 2 x 1 0 pin 2mm sockets should be purchased (part con040) and soldered in position. alternately the xbee module ma y be directly soldered to the pcb . the recommended minimum configuration of an xbee module is: 1 v + 3v3 2 txd to a picaxe input (an y i/o pin, s.0 recommended) 3 rxd to a picaxe output (an y i/o pin, s.1 recommended) 9 sleep to a picaxe output (an y i/o pin, s.2 recommended) 1 0 0 v gnd 1 4 v ref 3v3 it is also common to connect an led (and 180r) resistor betw een these xbee pins and gnd so that the status of the xbee module ma y be observ ed: 6 rssi (indicates the receiv ed signal strength) 1 1 tx (indicates module is transmitting) 1 3 o n (indicates whether the module is activ e or sleeping) 1 5 assoc (indicates if the module has ?associated? with another module) note that when using an xbee module the picaxe shield base *must* be used with a 3v s y stem v oltage i.e . jumper h1 on the picaxe shield base must be in the 3v3 position. the 3v3 5 00ma regulator on the picaxe shield is suitable for use with both ?xbee? and ?xbee pro? modules . t o communicate betw een an xbee proto shield and a computer , the axe2 1 0 project board is recommended. the shield base and xbee module is then the remote item, the axe2 1 0 and xbee is connected to the computer (via the axe0 27 usb cable).
21 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base appendix a: circuit schematics - picaxe and download circuits #$%&#$'" ),3", 4* 6 6 6 6 6 (

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23 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base appendix c: dimensions top
24 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base appendix d: what ar e the principle differ ences betw een using a picaxe shield base and an ar duino? the picaxe shield base has been designed to be compatible with almost all existing third party shields . so it is v ery similar is shape and connector la y out, and if y ou already ha v e a shield the chances are it will w ork straight w a y . if not the shield is probably v ery easily modified to w o rk. h o w e v er there are three main important differences betw een the s y stems: firmw are picaxe-28x2 arduino microcontroller brand microchip pic a t mel a tmega programming language b asic or flo w charts c there are also lots of similarities: p h y sical size & header position same same open source hardw are y e s y es softw are cost free free support for windo w s y e s y es support for mac y es y e s support for linux y e s y es d o wnloads via usb port y e s y es the microcontroller comparison is: program slots 4 x 4k 1 x 14k/3 0 k user ram b ytes 1296 1 0 24/2 048 user eepr om b ytes 2 5 6 5 1 2 r un extra programs from i2c y e s n o sy stem v oltage 5v or 3v 5 v clock speed 32khz - 64mhz 16mhz digital i/o up to 2 0 1 4 analogue sensors up to 16 6 t ouch sensors up to 16 0 pwm channels 4 6 support for u art , spi, i2c y e s y es there are also a few hardw are adv antages to the picaxe shield base hardw are: microcontroller sy stem v oltage 5v or 3v 5 v 3v lo w drop out regulator 5 00ma 5 0ma disconnectable led y e s n o stripboard compatible headers y e s n o on board i2c eepr om socket y e s n o separate programming and i/o pins y e s n o tx / rx select jumper headers y e s n o through hole for self assembly y e s n o editor code s yntax highlighting y e s n o editor on-screen simulation y e s n o comparison made between picaxe-28x2 and official ar duino duemilanove a tmega168/ uno a tmega368 with 2k bootstr ap. e. & o . e.
25 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 pi caxe-28x2 shi eld base what is th e difference betw een a microchip pic and an a tmel a tmega microntroller? as a real w orld comparison, if y ou w ant to driv e from y our house to the local shops , it doesn?t really matter if y ou use an a udi or a mercedes car , they are both good quality cars and will comfortably transport y ou the distance . of course a udi enthusiasts will alw a y s argue that their car is better , whilst mercedes enthusiasts will do the same! likewise the w eb is full of heated forum discussions of wh y a microchip pic is better than an a tmel a t mega and vice v ersa! but the bottom line is that they are both microcontrollers and quite similar for most shield based electronics projects . f or almost all shield projects both chips will do a v ery good job . in global terms microchip ha v e a larger market share of the commercial microcontroller market, and in 2 008 attempted an (unsuccessful) buy out of a tmel. each chip has certain minor adv antages and disadv antages , for instance the pic has more adc channels with better in-built touch sensor support, whilst the a tmega has a couple more pwm outputs than the pic. but as a summary they both do the same job ? a single chip ?brain? for y our control program. when y ou buy both s y stems the microcontroller is pre-programmed with the bootstrap ?firm w are? before y ou buy the shield base . the a tmel a tmega chip is preprogrammed with the ? arduino? bootstrap firm w are , the microchip pic18f25k22 chip is preprogrammed with the ?picaxe-28x2? bootstrap firm w are . this firm w are enables y our control program to be do wnloaded to the chip via the usb cable . h o w e v er the programming language / style betw een the tw o s y stems is v ery different ? picaxe uses interpreted ?b asic? or graphical flo w charts whilst arduino uses ?c? .
26 revolution revolution education ltd. w eb: www .picaxe.co.uk version 1.3 04/11 AXE401.pmd AXE401 picaxe-28x2 shield base appendix e: f a q f a q - can y ou pr o vide a se w able ?e-te xtiles? v e r sion picaxe contr oller lik e the lilypad? y e s , the ?dais ypicaxe? s y stem uses a surface mount picaxe-2 0m2 microcontroller to pro vide a circular e-textiles ?sew able? controller sy stem, programmed in b asic via the axe0 27 usb cable . the s y stem w as designed b y p aul gardiner with the appro v al of leah buechley , designer of the original lilypad. the picaxe-2 0m2 microcontroller allo w s up to 8 parallel program tasks to run at the same time , greatly simplifying the programming of complex lighting displa y s . f a q - i w ant to use a pic micr ocontr oller , b ut pr ogr am it in assembler or c (or other language) instead o f using the picaxe s y stem. can i do this? of course , y ou can use whichev er pic programming s y stem y ou like! on the side of the shield base are 6 pads for soldering in an optional 6 pin programming header (a 6 pin right angle 0.1" (2.54mm) header , not supplied), so that the board can be used with an y 28 pin pic chip and a lo w-cost programmer such as the microchip pickit2. just make sure y our pic type is v oltage tolerant of the s y stem v oltage (3 or 5v) that is in use via jumper h1 (the pic18f25k22 supplied can use either v oltage , but not all pic microcontrollers ha v e this large operating v oltage range). note that programming a picaxe chip via the pickit2 will permanently erase the picaxe firm w are , so the chip will no longer function as a picaxe chip (but can naturally still be reprogrammed via the pickit2 s y stem).

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